The role of grain legumes in Sub-Saharan Africa's food security

Abstract

Grain legumes play a multifunctional role in addressing food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), yet they remain under-prioritised in agricultural policy and research. This opinion paper argues that grain legumes should be recognised as strategic crops in SSA because they greatly contribute to soil fertility through symbiotic nitrogen fixation, improve dietary protein, fibre and micronutrient intake, enhance crop and cropping system diversification, and strengthen resilience to climatic and economic challenges. Despite these benefits, poor seed systems, biotic and abiotic constraints, limited policy support, post-harvest losses, and uneven research investment continue to constrain their potential. Greater integration of grain legumes into national food security strategies, breeding programmes, extension services, and market development is essential for building productive, nutritious, and environmentally sustainable food systems in the SSA.