Jukuri

Tervetuloa käyttämään Jukuria, Luonnonvarakeskuksen (Luke) avointa julkaisuarkistoa. Jukurissa on tiedot Luken julkaisutuotannosta. Osa julkaisuista on vapaasti ladattavissa. Luken muodostaneiden tutkimuslaitosten aikaisemmasta julkaisutuotannosta osan tiedot ovat järjestelmässä jo nyt ja kattavuus paranee jatkuvasti.

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Population dynamics and reproductive success of Short-eared Owls in relation to widely fluctuating food abundance and farmland habitat degradation
Korpimäki, Erkki; Klemola, Tero; Koivula, Minna
Ibis (John Wiley & Sons, 2026)
Populations of the Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus have declined across Europe and North America, probably in response to habitat degradation driven by agricultural intensification. However, long-term evidence linking farmland habitat change to variation in breeding density and reproductive success remains limited. We investigated these relationships in an agricultural landscape in western Finland over a 30-year period (1977–2006), focusing on owl breeding parameters and temporal changes in grassy habitats supporting their primary prey (voles). Annual breeding density ranged from 0.0 to 1.5 (mean 0.35) nests km−2 and increased with spring vole abundance. Mean clutch size varied between 2.5 and 8.2 eggs, and mean brood size between 0.7 and 4.4 nestlings per nest, with significantly higher values observed during years of high vole abundance. Nest failure was primarily attributed to agricultural activities and predation. To assess long-term population trends, monitoring was extended to a broader 1000-km2 area through 2023. Over the 47-year study period, the local breeding population declined by more than 50%, corresponding to an average annual decrease of 2.8%. This decline coincided with substantial agricultural intensification, including the conversion of pasture and hay fields to cereal, potato and oilseed cultivation, as well as the reduction in open drainage systems. These changes resulted in a 46% reduction in grassy habitats suitable for voles and, consequently, for owl foraging. Our findings provide long-term empirical support for the hypothesis that farmland structural simplification associated with agricultural intensification is a primary driver of population declines in Short-eared Owls occupying grassland and farmland habitats.
Host by pathogen interactions of six Botrytis spp. causing chocolate spot disease on faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Maniruzzaman,.; Khazaei, Hamid; Haapalainen, Minna; Bankina, Biruta; Stoddard, Frederick
Agricultural and food science (Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland, 2026)
Chocolate spot (CS) disease, caused by Botrytis species, severely damages faba beans. This study analyzed interactions between three faba bean genotypes with varying levels of resistance and 21 Botrytis isolates from six species that were genotyped using 10 NEP markers. The isolates were cultured, sporulated under near-UV light, and inoculated onto 6–8-week-old, fully expanded, detached leaflets. All isolates induced CS symptoms, revealing significant interactions among lines and isolates. Botrytis fabae 19B053-4 was the most virulent, followed by B. fabiopsis 19B175 and B. fabae 17B4. Conversely, B. cinerea 17B10-1 caused the slowest lesion development. Notably, more resistant hosts consistently remained less susceptible across all isolates, indicating no crossover interaction. AUDPC values confirmed B. fabae as the primary, highly aggressive specialized pathogen, whereas related species pose opportunistic threats. Tracking cumulative disease progress identified quantitative host resistance through slowed infection rates, offering a framework for crop protection.
ABCFlux v2: Arctic–boreal CO2 and CH4 monthly flux observations and ancillary information across terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems
Virkkala, Anna-Maria; Wargowsky, Isabel; Vogt, Judith; Madaan, Simran; Windholz, Tiffany; Arndt, Kyle A.; Rocher-Ros, Gerard; Göckede, Mathias; Olefeldt, David; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Bastviken, David; O'Keefe, Richard; Kuhn, McKenzie A.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Kent, Kelcy; Aalstad, Kristoffer; Aho, Kelly; Ala-Könni, Joonatan; Alcock, Haley; Althuizen, Inge; Arp, Christopher D.; Asanuma, Jun; Aurela, Mika; Balathandayuthabani, Sivakiruthika; Attermeyer, Katrin; …, et al.; Korrensalo, Aino; Ojala, Anne; Okadera, Tomohiro; Pal, Sujan; Panov, Alexey V.; Papakyriakou, Tim; Papale, Dario; Park, Sang-Jong; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Pastorello, Gilberto; Peacock, Mike; Peichl, Matthias; Petrov, Roman; St. Pierre, Kyra; Pirk, Norbert; Plein, Jessica; Preskienis, Vilmantas; Prokushkin, Anatoly; Pumpanen, Jukka; Rains, Hilary A.; Rakos, Niklas; Räsänen, Aleksi; Rautakoski, Helena; Rinnan, Riikka; Rinne, Janne; Rocha, Adrian; Roulet, Nigel; Roy, Alexandre; Rutgersson, Anna; Sabrekov, Aleksandr F.; Sachs, Torsten; Sahlée, Erik; Salazar, Alejandro; Sawakuchi, Henrique Oliveira; Schulze, Christopher; Seco, Roger; Sepulveda-Jauregui, Armando; Serikova, Svetlana; Serrone, Abbey; Silvennoinen, Hanna M.; Sjogersten, Sofie; Skeeter, June; Snöälv, Jo; Sobek, Sebastian; Sonnentag, Oliver; Stanley, Emily H.; Strack, Maria; Strom, Lena
Earth system science data : 9 (Copernicus Publications, 2026)
Measurements of surface-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes have been relatively sparse across the Arctic tundra and boreal biomes, causing significant uncertainties in carbon budget estimates from the region. While the availability of Arctic-boreal carbon flux data has increased substantially over the past decade, the data have remained spread across different repositories, scientific articles, and unpublished sources, making it difficult to leverage. Here we present a new dataset of monthly Arctic-boreal carbon fluxes (ABCFlux v2) across terrestrial (wetlands and uplands) and freshwater (lakes and rivers) ecosystems compiled from previous syntheses including the Arctic-boreal CO2 flux database (ABCFlux v1), the Boreal-Arctic Wetland and Lake Methane Dataset (BAWLD-CH4), and the Global River Methane Database (GRiMeDB). In addition, we consider data from general-purpose (e.g., Zenodo) and flux network repositories, literature, and site principal investigators. The dataset includes surface-atmosphere CO2 fluxes of gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE), alongside CH4 fluxes. For aquatic ecosystems, we split CH4 fluxes into diffusive and ebullitive flux pathways, and included potential emissions from transient storage in the water column (“storage fluxes”), alongside CO2 and CH4 concentrations dissolved in the surface water. Fluxes are measured through a variety of methods including chamber and eddy covariance techniques alongside bubble traps, ice-surveys, and concentration-based turbulence-driven modelling in aquatic ecosystems. The monthly flux data are reported together with supporting methodological and environmental metadata. The resulting ABCFlux v2 has 23 847 flux site-months, 8182 concentration site-months, and 199 seasonal observations from 1024 sites, and includes 56 139 reported fluxes (i.e. sum of GPP, Reco, NEE, and CH4 fluxes) from the years 1984 to 2024. The majority of monthly observations occurred after 1999. Wetlands had the highest number of site-month observations (8758), followed by boreal forest (6981), lotic ecosystems (6275), lentic ecosystems (3799) and upland tundra (3308). Measurements of CO2 dominated the dataset across most ecosystem types (25 222) except for lentic ecosystems, where CH4 flux site-months (3098) were more frequent than CO2 flux site-months (2915). Overall, ABCFlux v2 includes 160 % more site-months for terrestrial CO2 flux data compared to ABCFlux v1. Integrating and updating BAWLD-CH4 flux data from growing season averages to monthly fluxes resulted in 5671 site-months of chamber CH4 data compared to 762 site-years. This collaborative initiative, involving contributions from over 260 researchers, provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the Arctic-boreal carbon flux network and its data, and serves as an important step in reducing uncertainties in Arctic-boreal carbon budgets and in enhancing our understanding of climate feedbacks. The data can be accessed at ORNL DAAC at https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2448 (Virkkala et al., 2026).
Early-life immunological and microbial differences between East African and North European children
Nurminen, Noora; Fan, Yue-Mei; Kortekangas, Emma; Lin, Jake; Hallamaa, Lotta; Maleta, Kenneth; Lehto, Kirsi-Maarit; Laitinen, Olli H.; Sinkkonen, Aki; Lempainen, Johanna; Toppari, Jorma; Veijola, Riitta; Kurppa, Kalle; Knip, Mikael; Ashorn, Ulla; Oikarinen, Sami; Ashorn, Per; Hyöty, Heikki
Communications medicine (2026)
Background The urbanization of African populations adopting Westernized lifestyles might be connected to changes in microbial exposure and immune system activity that are harmful to health and increase the risk of non-communicable diseases, such as immune-mediated diseases. The study aims to compare microbial exposure, immune system markers, and gut microbiota between rural African and Westernized Northern European children to delineate whether there are differences present in these factors in early childhood. Methods We compared innate immune cytokines in plasma (IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) using Luminex, gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing, and microbial infections using qPCR in early childhood longitudinal sample series of children from rural Africa (participants from the iLINS-DYAD-M study conducted in Malawi) and from Northern Europe (participants from the DIPP study conducted in Finland) to identify differences which could be associated with negative health outcomes in Westernized societies. Results Here, we show that the levels of plasma cytokines and frequency of stool pathogen positivity are substantially higher in Malawian than in Finnish children and that some of the cytokines differ in their longitudinal pattern between the two groups. Also, the diversity and composition of gut microbiota differ between the groups at the age of 6 months and diverge more with increasing age. Conclusions These results highlight the early emergence of differences in the immune system and gut microbiota between children living in extremities of the microbial exposure gradient. These differences add to the existing knowledge of possible factors contributing to increasing prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases in African societies shifting towards more Westernized lifestyle.
A new scenario architecture to capture granularity of governance within and across Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
Sarkki, Simo; Rasmus, Sirpa; Habeck, Joachim Otto; Matthes, Heidrun; Pihlajamäki, Mia; Eronen, Jussi T.
Land use policy (Elsevier, 2026)
Scenario work is a prominent possibility to understand and address pressing socio-environmental sustainability challenges of today and tomorrow. Scenarios depict the possible futures for land-use, and land-use pressures. In this conceptual paper, we propose a novel governance-focused scenario architecture consisting of 1) Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), or exploratory scenario archetypes, which explore future uncertainties affected by chosen drivers; 2) Shared Governance Assumptions: governance modes that define the logic of decision-making across the SSPs, and that change the future governance landscapes; and 3) Detailed Governance Assumptions: specific opportunities for agency offered by the varying future governance landscapes defined by SSP – Shared Governance Assumption combinations. We propose a six-step process to employ our scenario architecture, and use the case of land use and Arctic reindeer herding as a brief illustration. We find that our proposed scenario architecture i) offers a structured way to diversify SSP-based scenario sets and to connect SSPs strongly to policy and governance, ii) can be used to explore actor-based trade-offs, and iii) can be used to as a tool for anticipatory governance. Further work is needed to provide empirical applications of our scenario architecture and to innovatively compare and examine implications of different governance modes to targeted normative objectives (i.e. the granularity of governance) within and across SSPs.