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The diel niche of brown bears: constraints on adaptive capacity in human-modified landscapes

dc.contributor.authorDonatelli, Aurora
dc.contributor.authorĆirović, Duško
dc.contributor.authorHaroldson, Mark A.
dc.contributor.authorHuber, Đuro
dc.contributor.authorKindberg, Jonas
dc.contributor.authorKojola, Ilpo
dc.contributor.authorKusak, Josip
dc.contributor.authorMastrantonio, Gianluca
dc.contributor.authorOrdiz, Andrés
dc.contributor.authorReljić, Slaven
dc.contributor.authorSantini, Luca
dc.contributor.authorvan Manen, Frank T.
dc.contributor.authorCiucci, Paolo
dc.contributor.departmentid4100110810
dc.contributor.organizationLuonnonvarakeskus
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-29T14:34:56Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractDiel activity rhythms, representing the behavioral pattern of the sleep–wake cycle, may be adjusted by wildlife in response to changes in environmental conditions. An increase in nocturnality is typically recognized as an adaptive strategy to segregate from humans and mitigate heat stress. Numerous studies have investigated spatial patterns and habitat use of large carnivores in human-modified landscapes, but little research has examined their activity rhythms. We compiled Global Positioning System data (2004–2022) for 139 brown bears Ursus arctos from six populations across Europe, representing a human-modified landscape, and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, U.S.A., representing a landscape with limited human impact, which we used to calculate hourly movement rates as an activity proxy. Using a Bayesian approach to model the temporal autocorrelation of activity data, we tested if the extent of nocturnality in brown bears is modulated by intensity of human encroachment, accounting for primary productivity and maximum ambient temperature. All bear populations exhibited a predominantly bimodal, crepuscular pattern of activity, although Yellowstone bears were proportionally more crepuscular and diurnal. Whereas the effect of primary productivity was variable, all European populations became more nocturnal in response to higher human encroachment and reduced diurnal and crepuscular activity at higher summer temperatures, decreasing overall diel activity levels. Yellowstone bears displayed the greatest shift towards nocturnality among all populations in response to increasing human encroachment, and increased nocturnal activity to compensate for lower diurnal and crepuscular activity at higher summer temperatures. Our research indicates that European bears in human-modified landscapes may be reaching a limit in the behavioral plasticity they can manifest in their activity patterns, being already constrained into increased nocturnality. Our findings enhance the understanding of brown bear adaptive capacity to accommodate future changes, such as urbanization and increasing temperatures, to the ecosystems they inhabit.
dc.format.pagerange15 p.
dc.identifier.citationHow to cite: Donatelli, A., Ćirović, D., Haroldson, M.A., Huber, Đ., Kindberg, J., Kojola, I., Kusak, J., Mastrantonio, G., Ordiz, A., Reljić, S., Santini, L., van Manen, F.T. and Ciucci, P. (2025), The diel niche of brown bears: constraints on adaptive capacity in human-modified landscapes. Ecography e07979. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07979
dc.identifier.urihttps://jukuri.luke.fi/handle/11111/99770
dc.identifier.urlhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07979
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi-fe2025072980040
dc.language.isoen
dc.okm.avoinsaatavuuskytkin1 = Avoimesti saatavilla
dc.okm.corporatecopublicationei
dc.okm.discipline1181
dc.okm.internationalcopublicationon
dc.okm.julkaisukanavaoa1 = Kokonaan avoimessa julkaisukanavassa ilmestynyt julkaisu
dc.okm.selfarchivedon
dc.publisherWiley-Blackwell
dc.relation.articlenumbere07979
dc.relation.doi10.1002/ecog.07979
dc.relation.ispartofseriesEcography
dc.relation.issn0906-7590
dc.relation.issn1600-0587
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.source.justusid123520
dc.subjectanthropocene
dc.subjectbehavioral plasticity
dc.subjectdiel activity rhythms
dc.subjecthuman encroachment
dc.subjectGPS telemetry
dc.subjectUrsus arctos
dc.teh41001-00001402
dc.titleThe diel niche of brown bears: constraints on adaptive capacity in human-modified landscapes
dc.typepublication
dc.type.okmfi=A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä|sv=A1 Originalartikel i en vetenskaplig tidskrift|en=A1 Journal article (refereed), original research|
dc.type.versionfi=Publisher's version|sv=Publisher's version|en=Publisher's version|

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