Kanatilojen talous vuosina 1994 - 2000

Abstract

Kotimaisen tuotannon ja kulutuksen markkinatasapaino on osoittautunut EU-jäsenyydessä vaikuttavan olennaisesti tuotannon kannattavuuteen. Erityisen selvästi tämä tulee esille tarkasteltaessa sitä, miten siipikarjatalous on sopeutunut Suomessa EU-jäsenyyteen. Broilerinlihan tuotanto on kasvanut kysynnän kasvua vastaavasti ja tuottajahintataso on säilynyt hyvänä verrattuna muihin EU-maihin. Kananmunien voimakas ylituotanto ja kysynnän heikkous puolestaan romahduttivat niiden tuottajahinnan verraten alhaiselle tasolle. Selvityksessä on tarkasteltu viljelijäperheen työlle ja pääomalle korvaukseksi jäävää maataloustuloa broilerituotannon osalta erillään tilan muusta maataloustuotannosta. Broileritilojen tuotannon laajentumisesta johtuen broilerituotannon maataloustulo kasvoi vuosina 1994-1997 noin 4 %, mutta teurasbroileria kohti tulo aleni 12 %. Kyselyyn osallistuneilla kananmunatiloilla koko tilan tuotantoa koskeva maataloustulo oli vuonna 1997 noin puolet pienempi kuin vuonna 1994. Ilman kansallisen tuen jatkomahdollisuutta vuonna 2000 AB-alueella maataloustulo jäisi noin kolmasosaan vuoden 1994 tasosta. C-alueella maataloustulo olisi pohjoisen tuen ansiosta vuonna 2000 noin kaksi kolmasosaa vuoden 1994 tasosta. Tiedot käyvät ilmi MMM Pia Lehmusvuoren laatimasta Maatalouden taloudellisen tutkimuslaitoksen raportista "Siipikarjatilojen talous vuosina 1994-2000". Tutkimus perustui viljelijäkyselyyn, jossa oli mukana runsaat 50 broilerintuotantoon ja 60 kananmunantuotantoon erikoistunutta tilaa.

The purpose of this study was to examine the realised income development of agriculture in 1994 - 1997 on the basis of taxation data on hen farms located mainly in support areas A and B as well as to estimate the income development in 1998 - 2000. The study was also concerned with the investments of hen farms and intentions related to these in 1996 - 2002. Data were mainly collected by questionnaires sent in 1998 to hen farms that had returned a similar questionnaire in 1996. Questionnaires in 1998 were returned from 71 farms, and hen husbandry was still practised on 62 of these. Income development in 1996 - 1997 was examined based on farms that participated in the latter inquiry and income development in 1994 - 1995 based on farms that returned the questionnaire in 1996 from which there was accurate taxation data available. Depending on the year, the number of farms varied from 38 to 51. Data on income development were weighted according to the farm size classes and areas by the number of hen farms in areas A and B in 1995. In addition to the data from the inquiries, the result from agricultural production on hen farms in 1994 - 1996 was examined based on the average weighted taxation data of 189 - 284 on hen farms included in the Enterprise and Income Statistics of Agriculture and Forestry. One out of ten of the entrepreneurs who returned the questionnaires in 1998 expressed intentions to quit egg production by the end of 2002. On these farms the average number of hens was smaller than on farms that intended to continue as before or to expand their production. One out of seven of those who replied were uncertain about their future. Almost a third of the farms that had continued hen husbandry had invested in their hen production in 1996 - 1997. Only few farms had built new henhouses or extended old ones. Many investments concerned manure stores, which had been built on 10% of the farms. About a third of the entrepreneurs reported intentions to invest in hen husbandry in 1998 - 2002, and the investments would mainly concern manure stores and renovation of henhouses. A third of the producers expressed uncertainty concerning the future investments, and about a third had no intentions to invest in hen husbandry. Using the level of aid in area B, on an average farm in support areas A and B with 2,500 hens the average total agricultural income in 1997 was about FIM 117,000, which is about half of the level of 1994 before Finland joined the EU. On the hen farms in support areas A, B and C included in the Enterprise and Income Statistics of Agriculture and Forestry agricultural income in 1994 -1996 was even lower than the average agricultural income in areas A and B, because in the farms included in the Enterprise and Income Statistics the arable area was much smaller than in areas A and B. As a result of the decrease in the transitional aid paid in 1995 - 1999, the agricultural income of the average farm in areas A and B would fall by a few percentage points in 1998 - 1999, using the aid levels in area B. According to current provisions, after 1999 no national aid can be paid for livestock production in areas A and B, and agricultural income would fall to FIM 73,000 per farm. If the northern aid were kept at the current level in support area C1, agricultural income would be about FIM 139,000. Finland negotiates with the EU in 1999 on the possibility to continue the aid for livestock production in support areas A and B. The sensitivity analysis shows that, apart from aid, agricultural income on hen farms is also sensitive to the development of the sales income of eggs. In order to improve the profitability of egg production it would be important to cut overproduction to reach the self-sufficiency level in the production and through this to raise the producer price.