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A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of polyamide-starch biocomposites: carbon footprint as an indicator of sustainability

dc.contributor.authorÄkräs, Laura
dc.contributor.authorSilvenius, Frans
dc.contributor.authorBaniasadi, Hossein
dc.contributor.authorVahvaselkä, Marjatta
dc.contributor.authorIlvesniemi, Hannu
dc.contributor.authorSeppälä, Jukka
dc.contributor.departmentid4100310810
dc.contributor.departmentid4100211210
dc.contributor.departmentid4100211110
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-3483
dc.contributor.organizationLuonnonvarakeskus
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-12T15:41:26Z
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-28T08:33:50Z
dc.date.available2024-12-12T15:41:26Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractAccelerating climate change poses an alarming global issue, demanding a range of prompt and effective solutions. In response, bio-based plastics and biocomposites have emerged as extensively researched alternatives to combat the environmental threats posed by a warming climate. In this context, the present paper presents a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of a newly developed polyamide-starch biocomposite, with varying content of potato starch as the biofiller (ranging from 0 to 70 wt%). The primary aim was to quantitatively measure the total carbon footprint of the selected biocomposite. The results indicated that the progressive addition of potato starch as the biofiller into the copolyamide matrix significantly reduced the total carbon footprint of the biocomposite, achieving a maximum reduction of 42–43% with the highest starch content of 70 wt%. Moreover, the newly developed polyamide-starch biocomposite demonstrated excellent performance compared to reference fossil-based polyamides of polyamide 6 (PA6), polyamide 12 (PA12), and polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6), as well as composites of PA610/80 wt% polylactic acid modified by reactive extrusion (REX-PLA) and PA40/30 wt% glass fibers, with carbon footprint reductions of 29, 39, 42, 59, and 79%, respectively. Based on these findings, the polyamide-starch biocomposite, especially with the highest content of potato starch (70 wt%), exhibits significant potential as a new material solution to reduce the carbon footprint of several existing fossil- and bio-based polyamides together with polyamide-based composites. In doing so, it contributes to advancing the development of a more climate-friendly future for plastics through reductions in their carbon footprints.
dc.description.vuosik2024
dc.format.bitstreamtrue
dc.format.pagerange3297-3312
dc.identifier.citationHow to cite: Äkräs, L., Silvenius, F., Baniasadi, H. et al. A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of polyamide-starch biocomposites: carbon footprint as an indicator of sustainability. Clean Techn Environ Policy 26, 3297–3312 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-024-02884-1
dc.identifier.olddbid498194
dc.identifier.oldhandle10024/555622
dc.identifier.urihttps://jukuri.luke.fi/handle/11111/14309
dc.identifier.urlhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-024-02884-1
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi-fe20241212102216
dc.language.isoen
dc.okm.avoinsaatavuuskytkin1 = Avoimesti saatavilla
dc.okm.corporatecopublicationei
dc.okm.discipline1172
dc.okm.internationalcopublicationei
dc.okm.julkaisukanavaoa2 = Osittain avoimessa julkaisukanavassa ilmestynyt julkaisu
dc.okm.selfarchivedon
dc.publisherSpringer Nature
dc.relation.doi10.1007/s10098-024-02884-1
dc.relation.ispartofseriesClean technologies and environmental policy
dc.relation.issn1618-954X
dc.relation.issn1618-9558
dc.relation.numberinseries10
dc.relation.volume26
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.source.identifierhttps://jukuri.luke.fi/handle/10024/555622
dc.subjectcopolyamide
dc.subjectstarch
dc.subjectbiocomposite
dc.subjectlife cycle assessment (LCA)
dc.subject· cradle-to-gate approach
dc.subjectcarbon footprint
dc.teh41007-00266801
dc.titleA cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of polyamide-starch biocomposites: carbon footprint as an indicator of sustainability
dc.typepublication
dc.type.okmfi=A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä|sv=A1 Originalartikel i en vetenskaplig tidskrift|en=A1 Journal article (refereed), original research|
dc.type.versionfi=Publisher's version|sv=Publisher's version|en=Publisher's version|

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