Localization of (+)-Catechin in Picea abies Phloem: Responses to Wounding and Fungal Inoculation
Jyske, Tuula; Kuroda, Katsushi; Keriö, Susanna; Pranovich, Andrey; Linnakoski, Riikka; Hayashi, Noriko; Aoki, Dan; Fukushima, Kazuhiko (2020)
Jyske, Tuula
Kuroda, Katsushi
Keriö, Susanna
Pranovich, Andrey
Linnakoski, Riikka
Hayashi, Noriko
Aoki, Dan
Fukushima, Kazuhiko
Julkaisusarja
Molecules
Volyymi
25
Numero
12
Sivut
2952
MDP
2020
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2020072247554
http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2020072247554
Tiivistelmä
To understand the positional and temporal defense mechanisms of coniferous tree bark at
the tissue and cellular levels, the phloem topochemistry and structural properties were examined after
artificially induced bark defense reactions. Wounding and fungal inoculation with Endoconidiophora
polonica of spruce bark were carried out, and phloem tissues were frequently collected to follow the
temporal and spatial progress of chemical and structural responses. The changes in (+)-catechin,
(−)-epicatechin, stilbene glucoside, and resin acid distribution, and accumulation patterns within
the phloem, were mapped using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (cryo-ToF-SIMS),
alongside detailed structural (LM, TEM, SEM) and quantitative chemical microanalyses of the tissues.
Our results show that axial phloem parenchyma cells of Norway spruce contain (+)-catechins, the
amount of which locally increases in response to fungal inoculation. The preformed, constitutive
distribution and accumulation patterns of (+)-catechins closely follow those of stilbene glucosides.
Phloem phenolics are not translocated but form a layered defense barrier with oleoresin compounds
in response to pathogen attack. Our results suggest that axial phloem parenchyma cells are the
primary location for (+)-catechin storage and synthesis in Norway spruce phloem. Chemical mapping
of bark defensive metabolites by cryo-ToF-SIMS, in addition to structural and chemical microanalyses
of the defense reactions, can provide novel information on the local amplitudes and localizations of
chemical and structural defense mechanisms and pathogen–host interactions of trees.
the tissue and cellular levels, the phloem topochemistry and structural properties were examined after
artificially induced bark defense reactions. Wounding and fungal inoculation with Endoconidiophora
polonica of spruce bark were carried out, and phloem tissues were frequently collected to follow the
temporal and spatial progress of chemical and structural responses. The changes in (+)-catechin,
(−)-epicatechin, stilbene glucoside, and resin acid distribution, and accumulation patterns within
the phloem, were mapped using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (cryo-ToF-SIMS),
alongside detailed structural (LM, TEM, SEM) and quantitative chemical microanalyses of the tissues.
Our results show that axial phloem parenchyma cells of Norway spruce contain (+)-catechins, the
amount of which locally increases in response to fungal inoculation. The preformed, constitutive
distribution and accumulation patterns of (+)-catechins closely follow those of stilbene glucosides.
Phloem phenolics are not translocated but form a layered defense barrier with oleoresin compounds
in response to pathogen attack. Our results suggest that axial phloem parenchyma cells are the
primary location for (+)-catechin storage and synthesis in Norway spruce phloem. Chemical mapping
of bark defensive metabolites by cryo-ToF-SIMS, in addition to structural and chemical microanalyses
of the defense reactions, can provide novel information on the local amplitudes and localizations of
chemical and structural defense mechanisms and pathogen–host interactions of trees.
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