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Soil contact and prescribed burning accelerate the decomposition of downed woody debris in boreal forests
Shorohova, Ekaterina; Shorohova, Maria; Lindberg, Henrik; Vanha-Majamaa, Ilkka
Forest ecology and management (Elsevier, 2026)
Deadwood enrichment and prescribed burning are closer-to-nature management practices intended to restore biodiversity and ecosystem services in Fennoscandian forests. However, their long-term effects on a key process—deadwood decomposition—remain unquantified. We investigated the decomposition of spruce and birch downed coarse woody debris (logs) 21 years after prescribed burning, tree retention, and deadwood enrichment in upland and paludified biotopes within managed mature Myrtillus-type Norway spruce forests. Cutting trees for deadwood enrichment accelerated decomposition by increasing soil contact. Prescribed burning increased volume loss, particularly in spruce logs, but this effect was weaker in paludified Sphagnum-dominated biotopes. When mass and volume losses of bark and secondary xylem were integrated, the main drivers of decomposition in descending importance were soil contact, Sphagnum cover, tree species, and burning. The total decomposition rate constant was higher for spruce (0.087 yr⁻¹) than for birch (0.066 yr⁻¹). The mean residence time of downed coarse woody debris was 49 years, ranging from 38 years for burned spruce logs to 104 years for spruce logs covered by Sphagnum. Our results demonstrate that restoration practices influence long-term decomposition dynamics. Deadwood enrichment and prescribed burning can hasten carbon and nutrient turnover from coarse woody debris in boreal forests.
Critical examination of wood-based pyrolysis liquids as biostimulants for Nordic agriculture: an experimental study
Korkalo, Pasi; Hagner, Marleena; Ruuttunen, Pentti
Agricultural and food science : 2 (Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland, 2026)
This study evaluated whether wood-derived pyrolysis liquids can act as biostimulants for boreal crops. In a laboratory pre-experiment, low concentrations of willow-derived pyrolysis liquid promoted root growth of strawberry runners, whereas higher concentrations caused leaf lesions and inhibited rooting, indicating a hormetic response. In field trials in south-west Finland, birch-derived pyrolysis liquid was applied to spring wheat, field pea and spring oat at three dose levels and compared with an untreated control and two commercial biostimulants. Under the tested conditions, pyrolysis liquid did not significantly affect crop ground cover, plant height, grain yield or grain quality, and the commercial products did not outperform the untreated control. Because the tested liquids were not characterised in full batch-specific compositional detail, the observed responses could not be linked to individual compounds. The agronomic benefits of pyrolysis liquids under northern field conditions therefore remain unproven.
From Trees to Microhabitats Through Hierarchical Pathways Sustaining Biodiversity in Urban Mediterranean Forests
Mazziotta, Adriano; Borghi, Costanza; Versace, Soraya; Travaglini, Davide; Chirici, Gherardo; Marchetti, Marco; Lasserre, Bruno; Parisi, Francesco
Forests : 8 (MDPI, 2026)
Tree-related microhabitats act as key links between forest structure and biodiversity, but these pathways may be altered in urban forests. In Mediterranean urban forests, we found that deadwood-related processes were weaker than hypothesized, while structural diversity remained the primary driver of microhabitat richness. We evaluated whether hierarchical pathways linking structure, diversity, and richness are maintained under urban conditions. A Structural Equation Model was applied to 180 plots across three Italian cities (Florence, Rome, Campobasso), assessing relationships among tree and deadwood volume, diversity, richness, and landscape variables (forest area, patch shape complexity, canopy cover). A consistent bottom-up hierarchy emerged, in which structural heterogeneity was associated with microhabitat richness through diversity-mediated pathways. However, deadwood-related pathways were positive but less consistent than living-tree-related pathways. Landscape context acted mainly as a secondary filter, although canopy cover positively influenced some richness components. Overall, urban forest microhabitat richness depended more on structural heterogeneity than biomass; patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that management, including deadwood removal, may constrain habitat continuity. Maintaining structurally diverse stands, retaining deadwood where compatible with public safety, and integrating microhabitat monitoring into spatial planning are essential to support biodiversity and ecosystem services in urban forests.
Asiantuntijalta: Pinta-alaosuudeksi typistetty luomutavoite ei edistä luomualan kasvua - tarvitaan strateginen tavoite
Iivonen, Sari; Koppelmäki, Kari
Maaseudun tulevaisuus : 14.8.2026 (Maataloustuottajain keskusliitto, 2026)
A 10-month cluster-randomized trial to shift towards plant-forward meals in early childhood education and care centres: effects on bone and mineral metabolism in Finnish children
Itkonen, Suvi T.; Meinilä, Jelena; Niinistö, Sari; Raulio, Susanna; Vepsäläinen, Henna; Korkalo, Liisa; Kinnunen, Satu; Åkerlund, Mari; Korhonen, Tuuli E.; Vihervaara, Terhi; Forma, Leena; Saarinen, Merja; Virtanen, Suvi M.; Erkkola, Maijaliisa
European journal of nutrition : 5 (Springer Nature, 2026)
Purpose A shift towards predominantly plant-based diets is emphasized for health and environmental sustainability, but it may affect nutrient adequacy and bone health. We investigated the effects of plant-forward meals in Finnish early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres on bone metabolism and intakes of bone nutrients in 3–5-year-old children. Methods ECEC centres were cluster-randomized for 10 months into 11 intervention (more plant-based products and less red meat served and moderation in milk consumption encouraged; n = 55 children for individual-level study) and 12 control (maintained regular meals; n = 61 children) ECEC centres. In the intervention arm, 18 children and in the control arm 28 children provided complete (baseline and endpoint) blood samples and dietary data (food frequency questionnaire). Circulating biomarkers (e.g. serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b [S-TRAP5b], total and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [S-ALP; S-BAP], 25-hydroxyvitamin D [S-25(OH)D], and plasma parathyroid hormone) and intakes of calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, and protein were analysed using mixed models. Results The intervention group had higher bone formation marker S-BAP (0.05 log-U/L, 95% CI 0.004–0.104; p = 0.04), bone resorption marker S-TRAP5b (2.12 U/L, 95% CI 0.35–3.90; p = 0.02), and S-ALP (0.034 log-U/L, 95% CI 0.002–0.066; p = 0.04) concentrations than the control group. No effects on other biomarkers or any nutrient intakes were observed. Mean S-25(OH)D concentrations were adequate (≥ 50 nmol/L). Conclusions The clinical relevance of the results indicating accelerated bone turnover without observing any effects on the intakes of critical nutrients requires further investigations to avoid potential harmful consequences for long-term bone health with the shift to plant-forward diets.