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Viimeksi tallennetut

Capture of Saprolegnia parasitica Spores in Flow‐Through Aquaculture : First Observations
Lindholm‐Lehto, Petra Camilla; Kontturi, Katri S.; Meinander, Kristoffer; Orelma, Hannes
Aquaculture, fish and fisheries : 1 (John Wiley & Sons, 2026)
Saprolegniosis, typically induced by oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica, is one of the most difficult pathogens in fish and other aquatic animals in freshwater systems. It is especially harmful for the endangered species landlocked salmon (Salmo salar m. sebago). Currently, there are only few alternatives to prevent and treat saprolegniosis occurrences, which can lead to major fish deaths and financial losses at fish farms. In this study, surface-modified cellulose materials were used at an experimental flow-through fish farm rearing landlocked salmon, which often suffers from saprolegniosis occurrences. The results showed that the material's cationic surfaces were able to capture the spores of S. parasitica (experimental part I and part II). The cellulose material was chemically modified with a high density of cationic quaternary ammonium groups, which performed better than a material with a weak cationic charge by amino groups obtained via physisorption of chitosan on the surface, resulting in fewer S. parasitica spores in the rearing tank water (experimental part I). The results are promising and offer a novel method for controlling saprolegniosis occurrences without harmful chemicals. However, certain environmental conditions (in experimental part II) inhibited the detection method (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) used for the detection of S. parasitica. This highlights the need for further method development for the detection of S. parasitica. Overall, the results are promising in terms of reducing S. parasitica spores in rearing water and further controlling saprolegniosis occurrences. More process optimization is required to achieve the method's full potential in industrial scale processes.
A procedure to rank pre-defined biodiversity hotspots in Finland
Nikinmaa, Laura; Haikarainen, Soili; Tuominen, Sakari; Lehtonen, Mika; Assmuth, Aino; Salminen, Hannu; Ahtikoski, Anssi
Scandinavian journal of forest research (Taylor & Francis, 2026)
The double crises of climate change and declining biodiversity are threatening boreal forests worldwide. We urgently need to effectively allocate resources to have more impactful conservation outcomes. Here, we examine the optimal targeting of carbon storage and deadwood production in forest landscapes. We specifically aim to discover (a) the regional differences in effectiveness and (b) the influence of the timing of targets. We conducted the study in two Finnish regions with pre-defined biodiversity hotspots. For each hotspot, the development of the forests over the next 30 and 50 years, including carbon storage and deadwood, was simulated. Then, mixed-integer linear programming was used to identify trade-offs between economic revenue, carbon storage of living trees, and deadwood volume. The cost-effectiveness varied both between and within regions, with the southern region achieving consistently larger carbon storage and more deadwood with the same loss of revenue. The cost-effectiveness was better in the 50-year time horizon than in 30 years, which was mainly due to the initial forest structure. The results indicate that to allocate conservation resources effectively, we need to consider the existing forest structure and its development, as well as regional differences and the time horizon of the targets.
Forest carbon farming in Ireland : a scoping review of policy-practice misalignment in a low-forest agricultural system
Lopatin, Evgeny; Robins, Mark
Trees, forests and people (Elsevier, 2026)
Ireland has ambitious targets for expanding tree cover and using forestry to support climate mitigation, biodiversity recovery and climate adaptation, yet forest cover remains approximately 11% and recent afforestation rates remain below national targets. This paper argues that the central challenge is not primarily a lack of technical pathways, but a policy–practice misalignment between carbon and biodiversity objectives, forestry scheme design, farmer decision-making and trusted delivery mechanisms. We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidance, screening 238 records, assessing 87 full texts and synthesizing 30 core studies, of which 21 were published during 2020–2025. The review shows that Ireland has substantial theoretical afforestation potential, including estimates of several hundred thousand hectares of potentially suitable land, but uptake is constrained by recurring barriers: land-use flexibility, farming identity, intergenerational lock-in, administrative complexity, uncertainty over long-term returns, biodiversity concerns and limited trust in policy stability. We synthesize these findings through a policy–practice misalignment framework that links four domains: ecological pathway suitability, scheme and governance design, farmer adoption constraints and trusted delivery mechanisms. This framework differs from a simple adoption-barrier list by showing how ecological, institutional and behavioural constraints reinforce each other. Participatory Action Research and Living Lab approaches are therefore positioned not as empirically established solutions in Ireland, but as implementation mechanisms that could test locally acceptable forestry models, monitoring burdens and incentive designs. The Irish case provides transferable lessons for other low-forest agricultural systems where carbon farming depends on aligning environmental ambition with landholder trust, practical feasibility and adaptive governance.
Climate-smart forestry in a high-forest boreal production system : management trade-offs, peatland mitigation and implementation constraints in Finland
Lopatin, Evgeny; Hietalahti, Ville; Sikanen, Lauri; Väätäinen, Kari; Nuutinen, Yrjö
Trees, forests and people (Elsevier, 2026)
Finnish forests play a central role in national climate mitigation and adaptation, yet the climate value of forestry depends strongly on management choices and associated trade-offs. This scoping review synthesizes current knowledge on climate-smart forestry in Finland, with particular emphasis on carbon sequestration, drained peatlands, harvest intensity, and management-related trade-offs. We reviewed literature published between 2015 and 2026 and synthesized 30 core studies selected from 297 records identified across major academic search platforms. The evidence shows that management choices strongly modulate carbon outcomes and can in some cases outweigh the modeled effects of climate change, although increasing climate-driven disturbance and uncertainty remain central constraints. Continuous-cover forestry on drained peatlands has emerged as one of the most promising high-leverage pathways, with studies indicating the potential to strengthen Finland’s forest carbon sink while reducing soil emissions relative to rotation forestry. Mitigation-oriented management can increase carbon stocks compared with business-as-usual scenarios, but typically at the cost of lower timber harvests, which highlights a persistent carbon–timber trade-off. Mixed-species stands, longer rotations, genetically improved regeneration material, and adaptive management approaches also show potential to support carbon sequestration and forest resilience under changing disturbance regimes. At the same time, regional variability, uncertainty in long-term projections, and the economics of private forest ownership complicate implementation. We interpret Finland as a high-forest boreal production system in which the main climate-smart forestry challenge is not forest expansion, but the redesign of management incentives, peatland practices and owner-level decision support within an already intensively managed forest estate. The strongest opportunities lie in peatland-sensitive management, harvest optimization and multifunctional approaches that integrate carbon, biodiversity, resilience and wood-use objectives. However, these pathways involve explicit trade-offs: higher in-forest carbon stocks and lower peatland emissions often require lower short-term harvest revenues, modified silvicultural systems or additional incentives for private forest owners. The Finnish case therefore provides transferable lessons for other high-forest production systems where carbon mitigation depends on aligning ecological potential, forest economics and practical implementation.
Extended reality applications in forest management and operations : a review
Lopatin, Evgeny; Acuna, Mauricio; Väätäinen, Kari; García-Pascual, Borja; Sikanen, Lauri
International journal of forest engineering (Taylor & Francis, 2026)
This review examines integration of extended reality (XR) technologies – virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) applications, and mixed reality (MR) – in forest management and operations. We synthesize XR applications across key forestry domains: harvesting, inventory and mapping, fire management, biodiversity monitoring, training, and stakeholder engagement. Reviewing 65 studies spanning 2014–2024 (especially 2020–2024) revealed a sharp increase in XR forestry research after 2019: VR, which is easily deployed in controlled settings, has dominated (approximately 72% of studies), while AR (approximately 23%) is growing as mobile/wearable technologies improve. We analyze technological enablers (hardware – e.g. headsets, drones, mobile devices – and software platforms – e.g. game engines) and discuss human factors (usability, user acceptance). Key challenges include technical limitations (e.g. accurate spatial alignment under the forest canopy, data interoperability, device ruggedness) and environmental and organizational constraints (connectivity in remote areas, costs, user training needs). We highlight emerging trends – integration of artificial intelligence (AI) for data processing, development of forest digital twins, multi-user collaborative XR – as pathways to enhance XR capabilities in forestry. We underscore XR’s transformative potential to advance precision forestry and sustainable management through immersive visualization, interactive scenario simulation, and improved decision support, and conclude with recommendations to improve XR accuracy, efficiency, and adoption.