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Kattavampaa tietoa Suomen peltomaiden vedenpidätysominaisuuksista
Räsänen, Timo; Jokinen, Vilma; Tähtikarhu, Mika; Hyväluoma, Jari
Vesitalous : 1 (Vesihuoltoliitto, 2026)
Evaluation of European hydraulic pedotransfer functions for boreal agricultural soils against Finnish data
Jokinen, Vilma; Räsänen, Timo; Tähtikarhu, Mika; Hyväluoma, Jari; Koivusalo, Harri
Agricultural and food science (Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland, 2026)
Soil hydraulic properties are essential information for sustainable agriculture and environmental management, yet their measurement is time-consuming and costly. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are widely used to estimate these properties from basic soil data, but few have been developed or validated for boreal conditions. This study evaluated two sets of European PTFs for boreal arable soils using a Finnish dataset of 800 water retention curves (5530 measurements) and 293 saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) measurements. To assess PTF performance in modelling context, a functional evaluation with HYDRUS-1D was conducted for clayey fields, comparing simulations using measured and PTF-predicted water retention data. Performance of PTFs was reasonable in terms of water retention (RMSE 0.07–0.09 cm³ cm⁻³ and R2 0.63–0.79) and functional evaluation (R2 0.56–0.97). These results were comparable to previous studies, indicating suitability for boreal arable soils. A hierarchy of PTF performance is provided to guide their selection, while highlighting the importance of considering soil texture in their application. Ksat PTFs performed poorly and systematically underestimated measured values (R2 -2.17 – -0.86), which highlights the demand for further development before reliable application to boreal soils.
Genetic relationships between milk production, meat production, and cow size traits in Nordic Red dairy cattle
Salaudeen, Ayo T.; Kempe, Riitta; Pösö, Jukka; Byskov, Kevin; Koivula, Minna; Pitkänen, Timo; Splittorff, Haifa; Uimari, Pekka; Lidauer, Martin H.
Journal of dairy science : 7 (Elsevier, 2026)
The beef-on-dairy approach, which uses surplus dairy calves for meat production, is considered environmentally sustainable and an efficient use of dairy resources. Inseminating dairy cows with beef semen improves the meat traits of dairy-origin beef; however, the focus on crossbreeding with beef sires often overlooks the role of the cow's genetics on meat traits and does not directly target genetic improvement of the cow. This issue is further compounded in the Nordic countries, where a Saved Feed index is included in the Nordic Total Merit index. This index lowers maintenance energy requirement by applying a negative index weight on metabolic body weight. Although this improves feed efficiency, its influence on other economically important traits has not been addressed so far. In this study, we estimated genetic parameters for cow carcass traits (carcass weight, carcass conformation, carcass fatness), 305-d milk production traits (milk yield, protein yield, fat yield), cow size traits (stature, metabolic body weight), and bull calf growth traits (daily carcass gain, carcass conformation, carcass fatness) in Nordic Red dairy cattle using data from 18,757 cows and 41,838 bull calves. Variance components were estimated by fitting a multivariate animal model and applying a Monte Carlo expectation maximization restricted maximum likelihood algorithm implemented in MiX99 software. Heritability estimates for cow carcass traits ranged from 0.37 (carcass conformation) to 0.68 (carcass weight); for milk production traits from 0.31 (fat yield) to 0.38 (milk yield); and for cow size traits from 0.64 (stature) to 0.66 (metabolic body weight). Bull calf growth traits showed heritability estimates ranging from 0.19 (bull carcass conformation) to 0.34 (daily carcass gain). Unfavorable genetic correlations were observed between cow carcass and 305-d milk production traits, ranging from −0.27 (carcass weight and protein yield) to −0.67 (carcass fatness and fat yield). In contrast, positive genetic correlations were noted between cow carcass and progeny growth traits, ranging from 0.20 (bull carcass conformation and cow carcass weight) to 0.67 (cow carcass weight and daily carcass gain), except for bull carcass fatness, which was positively correlated only with cow carcass fatness. Cow carcass traits were also positively correlated with metabolic body weight, ranging from 0.39 (cow carcass fatness) to 0.90 (cow carcass weight). These results provide insight into the genetic relationship among traits relevant for milk and dairy-beef production and may support the optimization of total merit index selection for balanced improvement of milk and meat traits.
Population dynamics and reproductive success of Short-eared Owls in relation to widely fluctuating food abundance and farmland habitat degradation
Korpimäki, Erkki; Klemola, Tero; Koivula, Minna
Ibis (John Wiley & Sons, 2026)
Populations of the Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus have declined across Europe and North America, probably in response to habitat degradation driven by agricultural intensification. However, long-term evidence linking farmland habitat change to variation in breeding density and reproductive success remains limited. We investigated these relationships in an agricultural landscape in western Finland over a 30-year period (1977–2006), focusing on owl breeding parameters and temporal changes in grassy habitats supporting their primary prey (voles). Annual breeding density ranged from 0.0 to 1.5 (mean 0.35) nests km−2 and increased with spring vole abundance. Mean clutch size varied between 2.5 and 8.2 eggs, and mean brood size between 0.7 and 4.4 nestlings per nest, with significantly higher values observed during years of high vole abundance. Nest failure was primarily attributed to agricultural activities and predation. To assess long-term population trends, monitoring was extended to a broader 1000-km2 area through 2023. Over the 47-year study period, the local breeding population declined by more than 50%, corresponding to an average annual decrease of 2.8%. This decline coincided with substantial agricultural intensification, including the conversion of pasture and hay fields to cereal, potato and oilseed cultivation, as well as the reduction in open drainage systems. These changes resulted in a 46% reduction in grassy habitats suitable for voles and, consequently, for owl foraging. Our findings provide long-term empirical support for the hypothesis that farmland structural simplification associated with agricultural intensification is a primary driver of population declines in Short-eared Owls occupying grassland and farmland habitats.
Host by pathogen interactions of six Botrytis spp. causing chocolate spot disease on faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Maniruzzaman,.; Khazaei, Hamid; Haapalainen, Minna; Bankina, Biruta; Stoddard, Frederick
Agricultural and food science (Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland, 2026)
Chocolate spot (CS) disease, caused by Botrytis species, severely damages faba beans. This study analyzed interactions between three faba bean genotypes with varying levels of resistance and 21 Botrytis isolates from six species that were genotyped using 10 NEP markers. The isolates were cultured, sporulated under near-UV light, and inoculated onto 6–8-week-old, fully expanded, detached leaflets. All isolates induced CS symptoms, revealing significant interactions among lines and isolates. Botrytis fabae 19B053-4 was the most virulent, followed by B. fabiopsis 19B175 and B. fabae 17B4. Conversely, B. cinerea 17B10-1 caused the slowest lesion development. Notably, more resistant hosts consistently remained less susceptible across all isolates, indicating no crossover interaction. AUDPC values confirmed B. fabae as the primary, highly aggressive specialized pathogen, whereas related species pose opportunistic threats. Tracking cumulative disease progress identified quantitative host resistance through slowed infection rates, offering a framework for crop protection.