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First record of brown spot needle blight (BSNB) caused by Lecanosticta acicola on Pinus mugo in Finland
Terhonen, Eeva; Trifković, Miloš; Poimala, Anna
Journal of plant diseases and protection : 3 (Springer Nature, 2026)
Climate change has already been acknowledged to have destabilizing effects on tree health. In addition to increased abiotic disturbances, trees are increasingly negatively impacted by the emergence of fungal pathogens. Lecanosticta acicola, the causal agent of brown spot needle blight (BSNB), affects pines and is considered invasive in Europe. In October 2025, typical symptoms of L. acicola, brown circumferential lesions with a yellow halo, were observed on an urban tree, Pinus mugo. The pathogen was isolated from surface-sterilized needles, and morphological and molecular identification confirmed it as L. acicola. Here, we report the first observation of the invasive pathogen L. acicola on the non-native host P. mugo in Finland. Lecanosticta acicola is classified as a Quality Plant Pest by the Finnish Food Authority and as no suitable plant protection methods are currently available in Finland, this finding is of particular significance. The detection of this pathogen highlights a potential threat to forestry and emphasizes the need for preventive strategies to limit its spread, including eradication, breeding and improved integrated pest management (IPM) practices in nurseries.
A living lab approach to promote sustainable management of agricultural peatlands in Finland
Huan-Niemi, Ellen; Huttunen, Suvi; Jauhiainen, Jyrki; Laiho, Raija; Lonkila, Annika; Paloviita, Ari; Simola, Sara; Tribaldos, Theresa; Niemi, Jyrki
Agricultural and Food Science : No. 2 (The Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland, 2026)
Solution-oriented approaches are crucial for identifying the leverage points to promote sustainable management of agricultural peatlands in Finland. This study used a living lab approach to co-create policy measures and actions to mitigate and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from drained agricultural peatlands. This study contributed to narrowing the gap between high-level sustainability ambitions and their practical implementation by demonstrating how a living lab can operationalise transdisciplinary collaboration in a contested land-use context. The living lab required collaboration between different scientific domains and the wider society by including interdisciplinary scientists and practitioners from outside academia. The living lab enabled mutual learning processes between science and society to promote a shared understanding between science and society for the co-creation of acceptable solutions and transition pathways. The dichotomy between the cultivation of drained peatlands for food production and the urgent need to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions could be solved by targeting interventions or leverage points that can change mind sets and values regarding the importance of productive peat fields in producing food to ensure food and nutrition security, farmers’ livelihood, and rural vitality in Finland. Restructuring agricultural policies in Finland as well as in the EU could be easier if there is a shared perception between science and society that removing drained peat fields from cultivation would not threaten these key aspects. This study revealed conditional openness among farmers to reduce cultivation on less productive peat soils if adequate incentives are provided, therefore resistance to change is not absolute but closely tied to concerns over fairness, livelihoods, and regional viability, thus highlighting the importance of just transition measures.
Long-Term Trends of Adult Survival and Productivity in European Songbirds : Role of Migration Strategy and Temperature Gradient Within Species' Ranges
Nousiainen, Inari; Lehikoinen, Aleksi; Piha, Markus; Lehikoinen, Petteri; Robinson, Robert; Arizaga, Juan; Cepák, Jaroslav; Fiedler, Wolfgang; Geiter, Olaf; Henshaw, Ian; Herrmann, Christof; Illa, Marc; van der Jeugd, Henk P.; Leal, Arantza; Lovászi, Péter; Pirrello, Simone; Bosco, Laura
Diversity and distributions : 5 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2026)
Aim: To understand species population ecology, we need to study how trends of demographic drivers change over time and space, especially so under current rapid climate change. However, knowledge on long-term trends of survival and productivity, especially using multiple species over large spatial scales, is scarce. Here, we examined the long-term trends of adult survival and productivity of European songbirds, their relation to temperature gradients within species' ranges, and different traits across multiple species over large spatial scales. Location: Ten countries in Europe. Time Period: 2001–2021. Major Taxa Studied: 28 songbird species. Methods: We used bird ringing data from the European Constant Effort Ringing scheme (CES), with 1.2 million captures of birds. We investigated the long-term trends of adult survival and productivity in relation to temperature gradients within species' ranges. We also tested differences in the long-term trends of demographic measures in relation to species' migratory strategies (long-distance migrants vs. short-distance migrants and residents) and long-term population trends. Results: There was no apparent major change in the long-term trends of either adult survival or productivity, and they did not show differences along the range gradient. Long-term trends of productivity differed between migratory strategies: long-distance migrants showed more negative trends in productivity than short-distance migrants and residents, while survival trends were similar between the two groups. Trends in both adult survival and productivity had equal positive connections with the population trends of songbirds.Main ConclusionsThe difference in long-term trends of productivity between migratory strategies highlights the importance of different conservation efforts for long-distance migrants compared to short-distance or resident birds.
High annual-cycle repeatability suggests low flexibility to environmental changes in a near-threatened migratory shorebird
Schwemmer, Philipp; Donnez, Marie; Mercker, Moritz; Garthe, Stefan; Boschert, Martin; Düttmann, Heinz; Elts, Jaanus; Fartmann, Thomas; Fiedler, Wolfgang; Jiguet, Frédéric; Kämpfer, Steffen; Korniluk, Michał; Kruckenberg, Helmut; Krupiński, Dominik; Marja, Riho; Piha, Markus; Rousseau, Pierre; Rupprecht, Verena; Bocher, Pierrick
Communications biology : 1 (Springer Nature, 2026)
Migratory species often repeat spatio-temporal patterns within their annual cycle. Although this may help to promote knowledge about local features and site quality, stereotyped behaviours may also create an ecological trap by preventing the flexibility required to adjust to environmental changes. Using a long-term international dataset, this study assesses 24 spatial and temporal parameters describing the repeatability of the entire migratory cycle in 94 individuals of the migratory near-threatened Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata) that were tracked for up to 7 consecutive years using high-resolution GPS tags. Twenty-two parameters show significant repeatability, with the highest repeatability for use of the same breeding and wintering sites, indicating consistent faithfulness. All migration and stopover parameters during spring migration are also significantly repeatable, with lower repeatability for autumn migration, likely related to variable breeding success. The location of migration routes varies between consecutive years, but intra-individual similarity is significantly greater than inter-individual similarity. While the potential of adaptations to long-term environmental changes needs further studies (preferably including several cohorts of individuals) there are indications of a potentially maladaptive behaviour to short-term changes that should be carefully observed by site managers to conserve this near-threatened species.
Differing abundance changes in birds and butterflies in boreal agricultural landscapes
Arkkila, Sarella; Bosco, Laura; Heliölä, Janne; Kuussaari, Mikko; Lehikoinen, Aleksi; Piha, Markus; Seimola, Tuomas; Tiainen, Juha; Ekroos, Johan
Biodiversity and conservation : 2 (Springer Nature, 2026)
Biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate, particularly in agricultural landscapes. Long-term monitoring data indicate that farmland birds and butterflies have declined, yet we lack an understanding of potential drivers of abundance change of these indicator taxa over space and time. Here, we studied abundance changes of birds and butterflies in Finnish farmlands from 2001 to 2023 at local and regional scales, sampled in the same study locations and regions. Additionally, we analysed if the abundance change is correlated between the two groups (taxa) at a site-level, and if changes in abundance over time can be attributed to comparable ecological, species-specific traits, reflecting variation in species temperature index, body size, and habitat breadth. We found that butterflies significantly declined in their abundance, which was not the case for birds. Additionally, abundance changes between geographical regions differed for both taxa, indicating that similar regional drivers are affecting species of both taxa. Species-specific traits did not explain varying abundance changes of both taxa. These results indicate that abundance changes are driven by taxon- and species-specific factors, rather than by more broadly comparable, ecological characteristics. Our results highlight the importance of utilising several different indicator species, representing different taxonomic groups, when assessing the implications of agricultural practices on biodiversity.