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Ecological and genomic variation in ectomycorrhizal fungal exploration types
Mansfield, Thomas M.; Zarsav, Artin; Cox, Filipa; Suz, Laura M.; Bidartondo, Martin I.; van der Linde, Sietse; Barsoum, Nadia; Averill, Colin; Kuo, Alan; Tedersoo, Leho; Rautio, Pasi; Gessler, Arthur; De Vos, Bruno; Croisé, Luc; Meesenburg, Henning; Wagner, Markus; Jacob, Frank; Lech, Paweł; Kowalska, Anna; Greve, Martin; Popova, Genoveva; Frey, Beat; Schaub, Marcus; Ferretti, Marco; Waldner, Peter; Calatayud, Vicent; Canullo, Roberto; Papitto, Giancarlo; Marinšek, Aleksander; Vesterdal, Lars; Ingerslev, Morten; Meissner, Helge; Timmermann, Volkmar; Eickenscheidt, Nadine; Schmitz, Andreas; Martin, Francis M.; Spatafora, Joseph; Kennedy, Peter G.; Kohler, Annegret; Plett, Jonathan M.; Anderson, Ian C.; Branco, Sara; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Pires, Chris J.; Unruh, Sarah A.; Zettler, Lawrence W.; Miettinen, Otto; Viner, Ilya; May, Tom W.; Lebel, Teresa; Catcheside, David E. A.; Catcheside, Pamela S.; Vonow, Helen P.; Burgoyne, Leigh A.; Haska, Julia; Anthony, Mark A.
New phytologist (John Wiley & Sons, 2026)
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) produce mycelia with variable extension and complexity, which can be classiﬁed according to soil ‘exploration types’ (ETs). ETs have received attention as one of the few mycorrhizal trait frameworks, but without an empirical classiﬁcation of ET functional diversity and environmental preferences, understanding and interpreting EMF bio-geographic patterns has been difﬁcult. We conducted a synthesis combining: comparative EMF genomics to describe functional divergence in decomposition and nutrient cycling genes across ETs; and EMF trait distribution modeling across continental Europe, pairing soil and root EMF surveys to establish biogeo-graphic ET niche proﬁles. We demonstrate a signature of ETs encoded in EMF genomes, which is independent from phylogeny and linked to biomass production strategies. EMF ET relative abundances were separated by soil, root, and dominant tree leaf type habitats and exhibited unique correlations with forest biotic (e.g. plant productivity and plant pathogen densities) and abiotic (e.g. nitro-gen deposition and soil pH) conditions. These ﬁndings support a theory that EMF niche partitioning can be partially explained by extraradical mycelial traits, with underlying variation in ET biogeography likely arising from distinct decomposition and nutrient cycling potentials. We also identify important limitations to this trait framework and provide a guided outlook for future research.
Pilot-scale extraction of Norway spruce bark polyphenols with purification for tannin-enriched fractions
Kilpeläinen, Petri; Jylhä, Paula; Hellström, Jarkko; Halmemies, Eelis; Tienaho, Jenni; Korpinen, Risto; Brännström, Hanna
Industrial crops and products (Elsevier, 2026)
Softwood bark represents an abundant and promising source of high-value bioactive polyphenols. However, it is currently used mainly for energy production, and its efficient extraction remains a major bottleneck for the industrial valorization of tannins and other polyphenols. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the pilot-scale extraction and purification of antibacterial polyphenols from industrially sourced Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark using pressurized hot water extraction and XAD7HP polymeric resin. Nine batches of winter- and summer-harvested bark were processed in a 300 L reactor at 58–122 °C for 40–80 min, with characterization of moisture, particle size, and bark-to-wood ratio to account for feedstock variability. The maximum overall extraction yield (140.4 mg/g) on a dry bark basis (DB) was obtained at 122 °C. Seasonal differences were evident, as winter bark consistently provided higher yields than summer bark. Resin purification significantly enriched the polyphenol content, increasing condensed tannins from 2.1 to 4.6 mg/g to 23.4–59.2 mg/g (DB) while markedly reducing carbohydrate contamination. The tannin-enriched fractions also exhibited strong antibacterial activity against bioluminescent Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) biosensor strains. These results confirm the technical feasibility of producing polyphenol-rich fractions from spruce bark at pilot scale, supporting their use in biobased industrial applications such as cosmetics, feed, and water treatment.
Improving nature-based tourism accounts : The importance of national data for robust ecosystem service estimates
Jussila, Tytti; Hurskainen, Pekka; Neuvonen, Marjo; Artell, Janne; Laalo, Marianne; Saikkonen, Liisa
One ecosystem (Pensoft Publishers, 2026)
The new EU regulation on ecosystem accounting requires Member States to report annually on the supply and use of seven ecosystem services. To support this process, Eurostat provides a voluntary INCA tool along with default datasets and methods. While these resources enable basic compliance with the reporting requirements, the top-down, centrally provided input data and assumptions are generic, not fully comprehensive and may lack accuracy in many national contexts. Integration of national data and context-specific assumptions is, therefore, recommended to improve reliability and national relevance of accounts. In this study, we assessed how input data choices affect nature-based tourism accounts in Finland. We compiled two sets of accounts with the INCA tool: one using the default dataset and one with nationally sourced input data. Improvements in the nationally adjusted dataset include high-resolution travel statistics, spatial information on accommodation locations and adjusted proxies for recreational attractiveness. The comparison of resulting accounts revealed substantial differences: the default approach underestimated domestic nature-based tourism volumes – mainly due to missing non-commercial accommodation use – and produced unrealistic spatial patterns that overlooked several key destinations. National data provided markedly higher and more plausible estimates, with a broader and more accurate distribution across the landscape and a shift in ecosystem-level supply from forest-dominated to a more balanced contribution of lakes, marine areas and other ecosystems. Our findings demonstrate that using more comprehensive inputs, with higher spatial accuracy and closer alignment with national realities, can substantially change the magnitude and spatial distribution of estimated ecosystem service supply. Incorporating national expertise and datasets is essential to go beyond minimum compliance and to produce ecosystem accounts that are robust enough to support informed policy-making.
The impact of body mass of colony-founding queens on the characteristics of reared bumblebee Bombus lucorum colonies
Sorvari, Jouni; Kuusalu, Salla-Riikka
Annales zoologici Fennici : 1 (Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board, 2026)
Size has been shown to influence the individual performance of bumblebee queens, but effects of queen body mass on colony characteristics are not well known. We studied the effect of queen body mass on colony initiation, worker population size and the production of sexual offspring in laboratory-reared colonies of the bumblebee Bombus lucorum. Colonies with heavier queens had longer workers-only production period and they produced larger worker populations during the colony life cycle. Colonies with larger worker populations produced a higher number of reproductive offspring. Therefore, it seems that heavy queens increase pollination services through larger worker populations. The condition of colony-founding queens may be affected by resource availability in the previous summer, consumption of body energy reserves due to overwintering conditions, and/or exposure to pathogens. Decreasing condition of colony-founding queens may negatively impact pollination services on wildflowers and cultivated plants.
Dental microwear textures of reindeer from northern herding districts in Finnish Lapland
Ungar, Peter S.; Groves, Caroline; Lowe, Harrison; Celis, Gerardo; Kumpula, Jouko; Kojola, Ilpo; Fortelius, Mikael; Forbes, Bruce C.
Annales zoologici Fennici : 1 (Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board, 2026)
Patterns of microscopic wear on fossil teeth often serve as proxies to retrodict diets of extinct species. Dental microwear can also help ecologists monitor food choices in mammals today as they relate to variation in resource availability. Here we considered reindeer from northern Finland in herding districts with varying biomasses of lichen and dwarf shrub, hay and grass pasture to determine whether dental microwear texture pattern follows resource abundance. We examined textures of 179 individuals representing nine districts. All samples fell within the “mixed feeder” to browser range (with caveats), but there was also variation between districts. Results of a generalized mixed model indicated that samples from sites with more lichen had significantly lower microwear texture complexity. This suggests that while relationships between microwear pattern and resource abundance are complex, this approach holds promise as a tool for tracking food choice with varying availability for neontological studies.