Jukuri

Tervetuloa käyttämään Jukuria, Luonnonvarakeskuksen (Luke) avointa julkaisuarkistoa. Jukurissa on tiedot Luken julkaisutuotannosta. Osa julkaisuista on vapaasti ladattavissa. Luken muodostaneiden tutkimuslaitosten aikaisemmasta julkaisutuotannosta osan tiedot ovat järjestelmässä jo nyt ja kattavuus paranee jatkuvasti.

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Forest carbon farming in Ireland : a scoping review of policy-practice misalignment in a low-forest agricultural system
Lopatin, Evgeny; Robins, Mark
Trees, forests and people (Elsevier, 2026)
Ireland has ambitious targets for expanding tree cover and using forestry to support climate mitigation, biodiversity recovery and climate adaptation, yet forest cover remains approximately 11% and recent afforestation rates remain below national targets. This paper argues that the central challenge is not primarily a lack of technical pathways, but a policy–practice misalignment between carbon and biodiversity objectives, forestry scheme design, farmer decision-making and trusted delivery mechanisms. We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidance, screening 238 records, assessing 87 full texts and synthesizing 30 core studies, of which 21 were published during 2020–2025. The review shows that Ireland has substantial theoretical afforestation potential, including estimates of several hundred thousand hectares of potentially suitable land, but uptake is constrained by recurring barriers: land-use flexibility, farming identity, intergenerational lock-in, administrative complexity, uncertainty over long-term returns, biodiversity concerns and limited trust in policy stability. We synthesize these findings through a policy–practice misalignment framework that links four domains: ecological pathway suitability, scheme and governance design, farmer adoption constraints and trusted delivery mechanisms. This framework differs from a simple adoption-barrier list by showing how ecological, institutional and behavioural constraints reinforce each other. Participatory Action Research and Living Lab approaches are therefore positioned not as empirically established solutions in Ireland, but as implementation mechanisms that could test locally acceptable forestry models, monitoring burdens and incentive designs. The Irish case provides transferable lessons for other low-forest agricultural systems where carbon farming depends on aligning environmental ambition with landholder trust, practical feasibility and adaptive governance.
Climate-smart forestry in a high-forest boreal production system : management trade-offs, peatland mitigation and implementation constraints in Finland
Lopatin, Evgeny; Hietalahti, Ville; Sikanen, Lauri; Väätäinen, Kari; Nuutinen, Yrjö
Trees, forests and people (Elsevier, 2026)
Finnish forests play a central role in national climate mitigation and adaptation, yet the climate value of forestry depends strongly on management choices and associated trade-offs. This scoping review synthesizes current knowledge on climate-smart forestry in Finland, with particular emphasis on carbon sequestration, drained peatlands, harvest intensity, and management-related trade-offs. We reviewed literature published between 2015 and 2026 and synthesized 30 core studies selected from 297 records identified across major academic search platforms. The evidence shows that management choices strongly modulate carbon outcomes and can in some cases outweigh the modeled effects of climate change, although increasing climate-driven disturbance and uncertainty remain central constraints. Continuous-cover forestry on drained peatlands has emerged as one of the most promising high-leverage pathways, with studies indicating the potential to strengthen Finland’s forest carbon sink while reducing soil emissions relative to rotation forestry. Mitigation-oriented management can increase carbon stocks compared with business-as-usual scenarios, but typically at the cost of lower timber harvests, which highlights a persistent carbon–timber trade-off. Mixed-species stands, longer rotations, genetically improved regeneration material, and adaptive management approaches also show potential to support carbon sequestration and forest resilience under changing disturbance regimes. At the same time, regional variability, uncertainty in long-term projections, and the economics of private forest ownership complicate implementation. We interpret Finland as a high-forest boreal production system in which the main climate-smart forestry challenge is not forest expansion, but the redesign of management incentives, peatland practices and owner-level decision support within an already intensively managed forest estate. The strongest opportunities lie in peatland-sensitive management, harvest optimization and multifunctional approaches that integrate carbon, biodiversity, resilience and wood-use objectives. However, these pathways involve explicit trade-offs: higher in-forest carbon stocks and lower peatland emissions often require lower short-term harvest revenues, modified silvicultural systems or additional incentives for private forest owners. The Finnish case therefore provides transferable lessons for other high-forest production systems where carbon mitigation depends on aligning ecological potential, forest economics and practical implementation.
Extended reality applications in forest management and operations : a review
Lopatin, Evgeny; Acuna, Mauricio; Väätäinen, Kari; García-Pascual, Borja; Sikanen, Lauri
International journal of forest engineering (Taylor & Francis, 2026)
This review examines integration of extended reality (XR) technologies – virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) applications, and mixed reality (MR) – in forest management and operations. We synthesize XR applications across key forestry domains: harvesting, inventory and mapping, fire management, biodiversity monitoring, training, and stakeholder engagement. Reviewing 65 studies spanning 2014–2024 (especially 2020–2024) revealed a sharp increase in XR forestry research after 2019: VR, which is easily deployed in controlled settings, has dominated (approximately 72% of studies), while AR (approximately 23%) is growing as mobile/wearable technologies improve. We analyze technological enablers (hardware – e.g. headsets, drones, mobile devices – and software platforms – e.g. game engines) and discuss human factors (usability, user acceptance). Key challenges include technical limitations (e.g. accurate spatial alignment under the forest canopy, data interoperability, device ruggedness) and environmental and organizational constraints (connectivity in remote areas, costs, user training needs). We highlight emerging trends – integration of artificial intelligence (AI) for data processing, development of forest digital twins, multi-user collaborative XR – as pathways to enhance XR capabilities in forestry. We underscore XR’s transformative potential to advance precision forestry and sustainable management through immersive visualization, interactive scenario simulation, and improved decision support, and conclude with recommendations to improve XR accuracy, efficiency, and adoption.
Browsing damage in planted silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) stands
Bianchi, Simone; Matala, Juho; Nikula, Ari; Huuskonen, Saija; Nivala, Vesa; Männistö, Lauri; Miina, Jari
Scandinavian journal of forest research : 4 (Taylor & Francis, 2026)
Herbivory is a source of damage for Fennoscandia commercial stands. Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) plantations are of increased interest to address the climate and biodiversity crises, but there are concerns about browsing risk. We inventoried 92 planted silver birch stands from a survey focused on browsing variables (e.g. symptom, severity, cause, and position), and one on tree measurements. We estimated ungulate density from national surveys and pellets observation. We assessed landscape characteristics (neighbouring land use/land cover classes and distance to roads). We observed considerable browsing risk for silver birch plantations, with 38 ± 35% and 23 ± 19% of planted birches browsed in younger and older stands, respectively, with mean height <5 and >5 m. Moose were considered responsible for almost half of browsing (44%), while other species accounted for a small amount (4.1%), the majority by unidentified cervids. Especially, crown damage in younger stands developed into vertical branches in older stands, leading to low stem external quality. In a model predicting the number of browsed stems at stand level, damage occurrences were dependent only on stand characteristics and abundance of browsing animals. Our analysis could not provide site selection recommendations for lower browsing risk sites. However, avoiding early damage seems the most crucial step.
Paving the way for commercial somatic embryogenesis : Norway spruce in Finland
Aronen, Tuija; Varis, Saila; Välimäki, Sakari; Edesi, Jaanika; Latvala, Terhi; Tikkinen, Mikko; Krajňáková, Jana (toim.); Sharry, Sandra (toim.); Correia, Sandra (toim.); Shen, Hailong (toim.); Canhoto, Jorge (toim.); Moncaleán, Paloma (toim.); Trontin, Jean-François (toim.) (Forest Growers Research Ltd, 2026)
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been recognised to have vast potential to produce improved reforestation material. By applying SE, genetic gains achieved by breeding can be utilised fully and faster than by seed orchard approach. Yet, there are only a few commercial mass-propagation applications in conifers. Challenges include biological, economical, and regulative issues together with stakeholder and public acceptance, and these are discussed in the case of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) SE propagation in Finland. In Norway spruce, biological issues related to SE have been mostly solved, as highlighted by recent developments such as high initiations rates, high recovery from cryopreservation, and short in vitro germination, all applicable to genetically wide materials. The current SE stock at Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE) exceeds 5600 genotypes, derived from the top trees of the Finnish tree breeding program. Also, development of automation to improve cost-efficiency has proceeded successfully; a robot prototype has been developed for in vitro germination phase in collaboration with South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences (XAMK). LUKE registered the first Norway spruce SE basic material for forestry in 2017, as the first one in Europe, and propagation pilots have been carried out since 2018. The whole SE propagation pipeline has been developed to fit into regulative framework, being compatible with international (European Union, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) and national regulations for the production and marketing of forest reproductive material. Views of forest owners and professionals on spruce SE propagation have been studied, and their wishes for desired/value-added traits in the improved material taken into account. Further, concerns related to loss of genetic diversity and lack of information are being addressed by genetically wide stock of SE materials, development of robust methodology, and information openly available. However, more effort is still needed for public discussion.