Land-use policy instruments for sustainable housing: insights from municipality planners in Finland

Local land-use governance is critical for enhancing sustainable housing, which is a topical issue in implementing UN Sustainable Development Goals. Yet, information is lacking on how the use of land-use policy instruments and fulfilment of goals connect with each other. To fill this void, this study addresses local operationalization of sustainable housing aims, and their effects on the use of local land-use policy instruments in Finnish municipalities with legislative power to promote local sustainability through their own actions. The material of the study is based on online survey data collected in 2021 from land-use planners working in Finnish municipalities. According to our results based on quantitative analysis implemented with multi-variate methods, themes to promote sustainable housing in the Finnish municipalities are the Citizen focus enhanced by formal, and the Construction focus enhanced by informal approaches. Thus, despite the similar regulatory possibilities for their simultaneous promotion, local land-use governance instruments seem to be used in Finland to enhance either social or environmental sustainability. The phenomenon may exist also in other countries calling for more information on simultaneous promotion of different sustainability aspects in housing, e.g. by uptake of mixes of informal and formal land-use planning instruments in local decision-making.