Käynnistystukitilojen pääomakannan kehitys
Ala-Orvola, Leena; Arovuori, Kyösti; Sillanpää, Aino (2002)
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Ala-Orvola, Leena
Arovuori, Kyösti
Sillanpää, Aino
Julkaisusarja
MTT Taloustutkimus. Selvityksiä
Numero
3/2002
Sivut
33 p
MTT MTT Taloustutkimus
2002
Tiivistelmä
This study presents a survey of literature on the start-up aid for young farmers. The second part of the study examines the development of the capital invested in agriculture and the amount of liabilities on full time farms transferred to the next generation on the basis of bookkeeping and support register data of a sample of farms collected from farms that received start-up aid in 1996-1999. In Finland the start-up aid in the form of subsidies has been applied for 20 years, but loans have a much longer history. The objective has been to direct start-up aid to farms where the preconditions for economically rational agriculture exist, but not to such on extent or for secondary activities so that the farms could be considered to be in real need of support. Many of the criteria for the start-up aid, such as the maximum age, full-time farming and residence on the farm, as well as regulation of the use of the subsidy, have been eased. Certain conditions have also become stricter, the most notably the minimum size of the farm, which was tightened neet minimialat korvattiin vaatimuksella, että tilalla katsottiin voitavan olla edellytof the EU membership, but according to the criteria, at least one of the spouses had to gain all of his/her livelihood from agriculture and forestry. In connection with the revision of the EU provision this criterion was eased, and part-time farms became eligible for start-up aid as well. In Finland start-up aid has been paid up to the maximum set by the EU. In 1995-1999 the maximum amounts of the subsidy and loan were 15,000 euros each, and since 2000 these have been 25,000 euros. The average age of starting in agriculture was 28 years, and about 40% of the farmers gained the possession of the farm at the age of 26-30 years. In 2000 the average cultivated area of the farms included in the study was 45 ha, while the average arable area of all farms receiving income support was 28 ha. The numbers of livestock were also higher than the average. On farms where the transfer included the transaction of real estate, movable property, or both against compensation, the average cost estimate of the transfer was 80,000 euros. About 10% of the transfers involved no such transaction, but these were realised through leasing or as gifts. One year after the transfer the average debts of the new farmers were 57,000 euros, and only about 4% of the farms were free from debt. The degree of self-sufficiency, i.e. the share of own capital in the capital invested in agriculture, averaged 50%. On pig and poultry farms the degree of self- sufficiency was 30%, on crop farms it was 45% and on dairy farms 56%. Most new farmers invested heavily in agriculture in the first few years after the transfer. More than half of the farms purchased or leased arable land. Even if the investments increased the average amount of debt on the farms, the debts grew more slowly than the amount of own capital. Five years after the transfer the average degree of self-sufficiency was 60%, and the differences between the farms had decreased.
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