Water protection in the Baltic Sea and the Chesapeake Bay : institutions, policies and efficiency
Iho, Antti; Ribaudo, Marc; Hyytiäinen, Kari (2015)
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Iho, Antti
Ribaudo, Marc
Hyytiäinen, Kari
Julkaisusarja
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Volyymi
93
Sivut
81-93
Elsevier
2015
Tiivistelmä
The Baltic Sea and the Chesapeake Bay share many characteristics. Both are shallow, brackish marine
areas that suffer from eutrophication. Successful policies targeting point source pollution have lowered
nutrient loads in both areas, but achieving the desired marine quality will require further abatement:
efforts may be extended to more complicated and expensive pollution sources, notably agricultural
nonpoint loads. Despite their ecological similarities, the two watersheds have different histories and
institutional settings and have thus adopted different policies. Comparing and contrasting the
policies reveal ways to improve the efficiency of each and ways to avoid the path of trial and error. No
comparison of the parallel protection efforts, which involve expenditures of hundreds of millions of dol-
lars annually, has been carried out to date. The present paper analyzes the policies applied in the two
regions, distilling the results into six recommendations for future steps in preserving what are valuable
sea areas
areas that suffer from eutrophication. Successful policies targeting point source pollution have lowered
nutrient loads in both areas, but achieving the desired marine quality will require further abatement:
efforts may be extended to more complicated and expensive pollution sources, notably agricultural
nonpoint loads. Despite their ecological similarities, the two watersheds have different histories and
institutional settings and have thus adopted different policies. Comparing and contrasting the
policies reveal ways to improve the efficiency of each and ways to avoid the path of trial and error. No
comparison of the parallel protection efforts, which involve expenditures of hundreds of millions of dol-
lars annually, has been carried out to date. The present paper analyzes the policies applied in the two
regions, distilling the results into six recommendations for future steps in preserving what are valuable
sea areas
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